Muslim Spain � al-Andalus � was the home to Christians, Muslims and Jews who lived together in both cooperation and conflict, helping lay the foundations for the later European Renaissance and Scientific revolution, and of modern Jewish culture. We will consider how Spanish culture and identity coalesced as a consequence of Muslim rule; the historical entanglements of Europe, Africa and the Middle East shows that the Mediterranean world was at the epicenter of the emergence of Modernity. Same as RLST 1810.