publication venue for

• Aftershock and Bathymetric Evidence for North-South En Echelon Faulting During the 2018 M_w 7.9 Offshore Kodiak Earthquake 2025
• Estimation and Attribution of Horizontal Land Motion Measured by the Greenland GNSS Network 2025
• Waveform Effects on Shear Wave Splitting Near Fault Zones 2025
• Characterizing Shallow Aseismic Deformation Along the Dead Sea Pull-Apart Basin Using Geodetic Observations 2025
• Constraints of Relative Sea Level Change on the Mantle Viscosity and the Late Pleistocene Deglaciation History 2025
• Characterizing Sub-Seafloor Seismic Structure of the Alaska Peninsula Along the Alaska-Aleutian Subduction Zone 2024
• Clumped Isotope Signatures of Abiotic Methane: The Role of the Combinatorial Isotope Effect 2024
• Seismic Anisotropy and Deep Crustal Deformation Across Alaska 2024
• Seismic Anisotropy of Mafic Blueschists: EBSD-Based Constraints From the Exhumed Rock Record 2024
• Impacts of SLR Ground Station Geographic Distribution on Time-Variable Gravity Recovery 2023
• Plate Age and Uppermost Mantle Structure Across the Juan de Fuca and Gorda Plates 2023
• The Amplitude and Timescales of 0-15 ka Paleomagnetic Secular Variation in the Northern North Atlantic 2023
• The Impact of New Accelerometer Transplant Data (ACH) on GRACE Follow-On Along-Orbit Inter-Satellite Laser Ranging Observations and Monthly Time-Variable Gravity and Mascon Solutions 2023
• Special Issue on Ophiolites and Oceanic Lithosphere 2023
• Pore Pressure Diffusion and Onset of Induced Seismicity 2023
• Characterization of Changes in Groundwater Storage in the Lachlan Catchment, Australia, Derived From Observations of Surface Deformation and Groundwater Level Data 2022
• Simulation of a Future SLR Satellite to Improve Low-Degree Gravity Estimates 2022
• Supervised Machine Learning of High Rate GNSS Velocities for Earthquake Strong Motion Signals 2022
• Surface Wave Isotropic and Azimuthally Anisotropic Dispersion Across Alaska and the Alaska-Aleutian Subduction Zone 2022
• High-Resolution Finite Fault Slip Inversion of the 2019 Ridgecrest Earthquake Using 3D Finite Element Modeling 2022
• Non-Tidal Background Modeling for Satellite Gravimetry Based on Operational ECWMF and ERA5 Reanalysis Data: AOD1B RL07 2022
• Detection of Aseismic Slip and Poroelastic Reservoir Deformation at the North Brawley Geothermal Field From 2009 to 2019 2022
• Review: Induced Seismicity During Geoenergy Development-A Hydromechanical Perspective 2022
• Along-Orbit Analysis of GRACE Follow-On Inter-Satellite Laser Ranging Measurements for Sub-Monthly Surface Mass Variations 2022
• Continuous Tremor Activity With Stable Polarization Direction Following the 2014 Large Slow Slip Event in the Hikurangi Subduction Margin Offshore New Zealand 2022
• Listvenite Formation During Mass Transfer into the Leading Edge of the Mantle Wedge: Initial Results from Oman Drilling Project Hole BT1B 2022
• Initial Results From the Oman Drilling Project Multi-Borehole Observatory: Petrogenesis and Ongoing Alteration of Mantle Peridotite in the Weathering Horizon 2021
• Effects of a Weak Lower Crust on the Flexure of Continental Lithosphere 2021
• Impoundment-Associated Hydro-Mechanical Changes and Regional Seismicity Near the Xiluodu Reservoir, Southwestern China 2021
• Constraining Plateau Uplift in Southern Africa by Combining Thermochronology, Sediment Flux, Topography, and Landscape Evolution Modeling 2021
• GPS Imaging of Global Vertical Land Motion for Studies of Sea Level Rise 2021
• Low-Temperature Hydrogen Formation During Aqueous Alteration of Serpentinized Peridotite in the Samail Ophiolite 2021
• Seismic Velocity Heterogeneity of the Hikurangi Subduction Margin, New Zealand: Elevated Pore Pressures in a Region With Repeating Slow Slip Events 2021
• Constraints on Mantle Viscosity From Intermediate-Wavelength Geoid Anomalies in Mantle Convection Models With Plate Motion History 2021
• Near Trench 3D Seismic Attenuation Offshore Northern Hikurangi Subduction Margin, North Island, New Zealand 2021
• Azimuthal Anisotropy of the Crust and Uppermost Mantle Beneath Alaska 2020
• Squeezing Water From a Stone: H₂O In Nominally Anhydrous Minerals From Granulite Xenoliths and Deep, Hydrous Fractional Crystallization 2020
• Tectonic Inheritance With Dipping Faults and Deformation Fabric in the Brittle and Ductile Southern California Crust 2020
• Development of a Daily GRACE Mascon Solution for Terrestrial Water Storage 2020
• Shear Velocity Model of Alaska Via Joint Inversion of Rayleigh Wave Ellipticity, Phase Velocities, and Receiver Functions Across the Alaska Transportable Array 2020
• Offset Channels May Not Accurately Record Strike-Slip Fault Displacement: Evidence From Landscape Evolution Models 2019
• A 3-D Shear Velocity Model of the Crust and Uppermost Mantle Beneath Alaska Including Apparent Radial Anisotropy 2019
• Deep Crustal Faults, Shear Zones, and Magmatism in the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia: Growth of a Plateau From Teleseismic Receiver Function and Geochemical Mio-Pliocene Volcanism Constraints 2019
• Slow Slip Event On the Southern San Andreas Fault Triggered by the 2017 M_w8.2 Chiapas (Mexico) Earthquake 2019
• Controls on Global Mantle Convective Structures and Their Comparison With Seismic Models 2019
• Gravitational Changes of the Earth's Free Oscillation From Earthquakes: Theory and Feasibility Study Using GRACE Inter-satellite Tracking 2019
• Seismicity at the Northern Hikurangi Margin, New Zealand, and Investigation of the Potential Spatial and Temporal Relationships With a Shallow Slow Slip Event 2019
• Velocity-Density Systematics of Fe-5wt%Si: Constraints on Si Content in the Earth's Inner Core 2019
• Lithospheric Signature of Late Cenozoic Extension in Electrical Resistivity Structure of the Rio Grande Rift, New Mexico, USA 2019
• Active Deformation Near the Rio Grande Rift and Colorado Plateau as Inferred from Continuous Global Positioning System Measurements 2019
• Shallow Creep Along the 1999 Izmit Earthquake Rupture (Turkey) From GPS and High Temporal Resolution Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar Data (2011-2017) 2019
• Improving Forecast Accuracy With Tsunami Data Assimilation: The 2009 Dusky Sound, New Zealand, Tsunami 2019
• Revisiting Earthquakes in the Los Angeles, California, Basin During the Early Instrumental Period: Evidence for an Association With Oil Production 2018
• A Transfer Function Between Line-of-Sight Gravity Difference and GRACE Intersatellite Ranging Data and an Application to Hydrological Surface Mass Variation 2018
• Interseismic Ground Deformation and Fault Slip Rates in the Greater San Francisco Bay Area From Two Decades of Space Geodetic Data 2018
• Earthquakes and Tremor Linked to Seamount Subduction During Shallow Slow Slip at the Hikurangi Margin, New Zealand 2018
• Matched Field Processing of Three-Component Seismic Array Data Applied to Rayleigh and Love Microseisms 2018
• Seismic Ground Roll Absorption and Reemission by Sand Dunes 2018
• Magnetotelluric Imaging of Lower Crustal Melt and Lithospheric Hydration in the Rocky Mountain Front Transition Zone, Colorado, USA 2017
• The Impact of Atmospheric Modeling Errors on GRACE Estimates of Mass Loss in Greenland and Antarctica 2017
• A Possible Causative Mechanism of Raton Basin, New Mexico and Colorado Earthquakes Using Recent Seismicity Patterns and Pore Pressure Modeling 2017
• Structure and Density of Fe-C Liquid Alloys Under High Pressure 2017
• Evaluating the effectiveness of induced seismicity mitigation: Numerical modeling of wastewater injection near Greeley, Colorado 2017
• Seismicity of the rocky mountains and Rio Grande Rift from the EarthScope Transportable Array and CREST temporary seismic networks, 2008-2010 2017
• Topographic controlled forcing of salt flow: Three-dimensional models of an active salt system, Canyonlands, Utah 2017
• Surface creep on the North Anatolian Fault at Ismetpasa, Turkey, 1944-2016 2016
• Contrasts in compliant fault zone properties inferred from geodetic measurements in the San Francisco Bay area 2016
• Anomalous density and elastic properties of basalt at high pressure: Reevaluating of the effect of melt fraction on seismic velocity in the Earth's crust and upper mantle 2016
• Crustal and uppermost mantle structure beneath the United States 2016
• Teleseismic P wave tomography of South Island, New Zealand upper mantle: Evidence of subduction of Pacific lithosphere since 45 Ma 2016
• Lithospheric shear velocity structure of South Island, New Zealand, from amphibious Rayleigh wave tomography 2016
• Heat flux and topography constraints on thermochemical structure below North China Craton regions and implications for evolution of cratonic lithosphere 2016
• Comparative compressibility of hydrous wadsleyite and ringwoodite: Effect of H₂O and implications for detecting water in the transition zone 2015
• Abrupt magma chamber contraction and microseismicity at Campi Flegrei, Italy: Cause and effect determined from strainmeters and tiltmeters 2015
• The long-wavelength geoid from three-dimensional spherical models of thermal and thermochemical mantle convection 2015
• The pole tide and its effect on GRACE time-variable gravity measurements: Implications for estimates of surface mass variations 2015
• Mantle dynamics, isostasy, and the support of high terrain 2015
• Localized and distributed creep along the southern San Andreas Fault 2014
• Structure of the Bighorn Mountain region, Wyoming, from teleseismic receiver function analysis: Implications for the kinematics of Laramide shortening 2014
• Clockwise rotation of the Brahmaputra Valley relative to India: Tectonic convergence in the eastern Himalaya, Naga Hills, and Shillong Plateau 2014
• Geomagnetic secular acceleration, jerks, and a localized standing wave at the core surface from 2000 to 2010 2014
• Origins of topography in the western US: Mapping crustal and upper mantle density variations using a uniform seismic velocity model 2014
• Upper mantle seismic anisotropy at a strike-slip boundary: South Island, New Zealand 2014
• Physical state of Himalayan crust and uppermost mantle: Constraints from seismic attenuation and velocity tomography 2014
• Ambient seismic noise tomography of Canada and adjacent regions: Part I. Crustal structures 2013
• Lithospheric deformation induced by loading of the Hawaiian Islands and its implications for mantle rheology 2013
• A methodology to eliminate snow- and ice-contaminated solutions from GPS coordinate time series 2013
• Crustal and uppermost mantle structure in the central US encompassing the Midcontinent Rift 2013
• Crustal radial anisotropy across Eastern Tibet and the Western Yangtze Craton 2013
• Magma storage and migration associated with the 2011-2012 El Hierro eruption: Implications for crustal magmatic systems at oceanic island volcanoes 2013
• Time-variable gravity signal in Greenland revealed by high-low satellite-to-satellite tracking 2013
• The use of GPS horizontals for loading studies, with applications to northern California and southeast Greenland 2013
• A 3-D model of the crust and uppermost mantle beneath the Central and Western US by joint inversion of receiver functions and surface wave dispersion 2013
• Tidal calibration of plate boundary observatory borehole strainmeters 2013
• Reply to comment by W. R. Peltier et al. on "Ocean mass from GRACE and glacial isostatic adjustment" 2012
• Interseismic strain accumulation along the western boundary of the Indian subcontinent 2012
• The local amplification of surface waves: A new observable to constrain elastic velocities, density, and anelastic attenuation 2012
• A synoptic view of the distribution and connectivity of the mid-crustal low velocity zone beneath Tibet 2012
• TIDAL CALIBRATION OF PLATE BOUNDARY OBSERVATORY BOREHOLE STRAINMETERS 2012
• Crust and uppermost mantle beneath the North China Craton, northeastern China, and the Sea of Japan from ambient noise tomography 2011
• Hydrogen bond symmetrization and equation of state of phase D 2011
• Spatiotemporal evolution of dike opening and decollement slip at Kilauea Volcano, Hawai'i 2011
• Stress-induced upper crustal anisotropy in southern California 2011
• Ocean mass from GRACE and glacial isostatic adjustment 2010
• Crustal shear wave velocity structure of the western United States inferred from ambient seismic noise and earthquake data 2010
• Ground deformation occurring in the city of Auckland, New Zealand, and observed by Envisat interferometric synthetic aperture radar during 2003-2007 2010
• Volcano monitoring using GPS: Developing data analysis strategies based on the June 2007 Kilauea Volcano intrusion and eruption 2010
• Magnetic flux expulsion from the core as a possible cause of the unusually large acceleration of the north magnetic pole during the 1990s 2010
• A model for the evolution of the Earth's mantle structure since the Early Paleozoic 2010
• Observation of magnetic diffusion in the Earth's outer core from Magsat, Orsted, and CHAMP data 2010
• Fault friction parameters inferred from the early stages of afterslip following the 2003 Tokachi-oki earthquake 2009
• Comment on "Can core-surface flow models be used to improve the forecast of the Earth's main magnetic field?'' by Stefan Maus, Luis Silva, and Gauthier Hulot 2009
• Reply to comment by V. Lesur et al. on "Can core-surface flow models be used to improve the forecast of the Earth's main magnetic field'' 2009
• Three-dimensional numerical models with varied material properties and erosion rates: Implications for the mechanics and kinematics of compressive wedges 2009
• Structure of the crust and uppermost mantle beneath the western United States revealed by ambient noise and earthquake tomography 2008
• "Seismically and geodetically determined nondouble-couple source mechanisms from the 2000 Miyakejima volcanic earthquake swarm'' (vol 113, art no B10303, 2008) 2008
• Seismic structure of the crust and the upper mantle beneath the Himalayas: Evidence for eclogitization of lower crustal rocks in the Indian Plate 2008
• Can core-surface flow models be used to improve the forecast of the Earth's main magnetic field? 2008
• Broadband ambient noise surface wave tomography across the United States 2008
• Controls on plume heat flux and plume excess temperature 2008
• Modeling GPS phase multipath with SNR: Case study from the Salar de Uyuni, Boliva 2008
• Geodetic measurements of postglacial adjustments in Greenland 2008
• Seismically and geodetically determined nondouble-couple source mechanisms from the 2000 Miyakejima volcanic earthquake swarm 2007
• On induction effects of geomagnetic daily variations from equatorial electrojet and solar quiet sources at low and middle latitudes 2007
• Three-dimensional indirect boundary element method for deformation and gravity changes in volcanic areas: Application to Teide volcano (Tenerife, Canary Islands) 2007
• Crustal deformation and source models of the Yellowstone volcanic field from geodetic data 2007
• Illuminating the plate interface structure beneath Cook Strait, New Zealand, with receiver functions 2007
• Active salt tectonics in the Needles District, Canyonlands (Utah) as detected by interferometric synthetic aperture radar and point target analysis: 1992-2002 2007
• Bathymetry of the Pacific plate and its implications for thermal evolution of lithosphere and mantle dynamics 2007
• Improving the precision of high-rate GPS 2007
• Coseismic fault-related fold model, growth structure, and the historic multisegment blind thrust earthquake on the basement-involved Yoro thrust, central Japan 2007
• Crustal deformation of the Yellowstone-Snake River Plain volcano-tectonic system: Campaign and continuous GPS observations, 1987-2004 2007
• Contemporary deformation of the Wasatch Fault, Utah, from GPS measurements with implications for interseismic fault behavior and earthquake hazard: Observations and kinematic analysis 2006
• Seismicity and one-dimensional velocity structure of the Himalayan collision zone: Earthquakes in the crust and upper mantle 2006
• Gravity changes from a stress evolution earthquake simulation of California 2006
• Statistical properties of seismic anisotropy predicted by upper mantle geodynamic models 2006
• Constraints on thermochemical convection of the mantle from plume heat flux, plume excess temperature, and upper mantle temperature 2006
• Geological modeling of the new CHAMP magnetic anomaly maps using a geographical information system technique - art. no. B12103 2005
• Sublithospheric small-scale convection and its implications for the residual topography at old ocean basins and the plate model - art. no. B05404 2005
• Geomorphology, kinematic history, and earthquake behavior of the active Kuwana wedge thrust anticline, central Japan 2004
• Stratification of anisotropy in the Pacific upper mantle - art. no. B11309 2004
• Thermochemical structures within a spherical mantle: Superplumes or piles? 2004
• Correction to "Images of crustal variations in the intermountain west" (Vol 109, art. no. B06399, 2004) 2004
• Crustal deformation measurements in Guerrero, Mexico - art. no. B04409 2004
• Images of crustal variations in the intermountain west - art. no. B03306 2004
• A resolved mantle anomaly as the cause of the Australian-Antarctic Discordance 2003
• Dynamics of active magmatic and hydrothermal systems at Taal Volcano, Philippines, from continuous GPS measurements 2003
• A one-dimensional analytically based approach for studying poroplastic and viscous consolidation: Application to Woodlark Basin, Papua New Guinea - art. no. 2448 2003
• Controls on sublithospheric small-scale convection - art. no. 2405 2003
• Importance of a stochastic distribution of floods and erosion thresholds in the bedrock river incision problem (vol 108, pg 2117, 2003) 2003
• Ability of a global three-dimensional model to locate regional events - art. no. 2353 2003
• Receiver functions in the western United States, with implications for upper mantle structure and dynamics 2003
• Single-chamber silicic magma system inferred from shear wave discontinuities of the crust and uppermost mantle, Coso geothermal area, California - art. no. 2226 2003
• Source area and rupture parameters of the 31 December 1881 M_w=7.9 Car Nicobar earthquake estimated from tsunamis recorded in the Bay of Bengal - art. no. 2215 2003
• Implications of the shear stress river incision model for the timescale of postorogenic decay of topography - art. no. 2158 2003
• Importance of a stochastic distribution of floods and erosion thresholds in the bedrock river incision problem - art. no. 2117 2003
• Eigenpatterns in southern California seismicity - art. no. 2354 2002
• Global surface wave diffraction tomography - art. no. 2335 2002
• Topographic outcomes predicted by stream erosion models: Sensitivity analysis and intermodel comparison - art. no. 2179 2002
• Implications of sediment-flux-dependent river incision models for landscape evolution 2002
• Structure and elasticity of single-crystal (Mg,Fe)O and a new method of generating shear waves for gigahertz ultrasonic interferometry - art. no. 2037 2002
• Crustal and upper mantle structure beneath Antarctica and surrounding oceans 2001
• Upper mantle anisotropy from long-period P polarization 2001
• Volcano monitoring using the Global Positioning System: Filtering strategies 2001
• Geodetic measurements in Greenland and their implications 2001
• Spatial variability in the flow of a valley glacier: Deformation of a large array of boreholes 2001
• Role of ocean-continent contrast and continental keels on plate motion, net rotation of lithosphere, and the geoid 2001
• Seismic migration processing of P-SV converted]phases for mantle discontinuity structure beneath the Snake River Plain, western United States 2000
• Seismic anisotropy and mantle flow from the Great Basin to the Great Plains, western United States 2000
• Role of temperature-dependent viscosity and surface plates in spherical shell models of mantle convection 2000
• Dynamics of the stream-power river incision model: Implications for height limits of mountain ranges, landscape response timescales, and research needs 1999
• A degree 8 mantle shear velocity model from normal mode observations below 3 mHz 1999
• Kinematics of the India-Eurasia collision zone from GPS measurements 1999
• Role of faults, nonlinear rheology, and viscosity structure in generating plates from instantaneous mantle flow models 1998
• Response time of glaciers as a function of size and mass balance: 1. Theory 1998
• Response time of glaciers as a function of size and mass balance: 2. Numerical experiments 1998
• Seismic structure of the lithosphere from teleseismic converted arrivals observed at small arrays in the southern Sierra Nevada and vicinity, California 1998
• Mantle discontinuity structure beneath the Colorado Rocky Mountains and High Plains 1998
• Eurasian surface wave tomography: Group velocities 1998
• New and refined constraints on three-dimensional Earth structure from normal modes below 3 mHz 1998
• The physical basis of glacier volume-area scaling 1997
• Dynamics of crustal compensation and its influences on crustal isostasy 1997
• Global plate velocities from the Global Positioning System 1997
• Mantle discontinuity structure from midpoint stacks of converted P to S waves across the Yellowstone hotspot track 1997
• Observations and analysis of self-similar branching topology in glacier networks 1996
• A numerical simulation of the evolution of temperature and CO2 stratification in Lake Nyos since the 1986 disaster 1996
• CRUSTAL THICKNESS VARIATIONS ACROSS THE COLORADO ROCKY-MOUNTAIN FROM TELESEISMIC RECEIVER FUNCTIONS 1995
• POTENTIAL-FIELD POWER SPECTRUM INVERSION FOR SCALING GEOLOGY 1995
• RESPONSE OF LONG-VALLEY CALDERA TO THE M(W)=7.3 LANDERS, CALIFORNIA, EARTHQUAKE 1995
• TERRESTRIAL AND GPS MEASUREMENTS OF DEFORMATION ACROSS THE TAUPO BACK-ARC AND HIKURANGI FORE-ARC REGIONS IN NEW-ZEALAND 1995
• RIFT-TRANSFORM KINEMATICS IN SOUTH ICELAND - DEFORMATION FROM GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM MEASUREMENTS, 1986 TO 1992 1995
• MEASUREMENT AND INTERPRETATION OF TIDAL TILTS IN A SMALL ARRAY 1995
• EVOLUTION OF THE SANTA-CRUZ MOUNTAINS, CALIFORNIA, THROUGH TECTONIC GROWTH AND GEOMORPHIC DECAY 1994
• CONTROLS ON TRENCH TOPOGRAPHY FROM DYNAMIC-MODELS OF SUBDUCTED SLABS 1994
• ROLE OF PLATES AND TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT VISCOSITY IN PHASE-CHANGE DYNAMICS 1994
• CONSTRAINTS ON HIMALAYAN DEFORMATION INFERRED FROM VERTICAL VELOCITY-FIELDS IN NEPAL AND TIBET 1994
• HILLSLOPE AND CHANNEL EVOLUTION IN A MARINE TERRACED LANDSCAPE, SANTA-CRUZ, CALIFORNIA 1994
• EROSIONAL DYNAMICS, FLEXURAL ISOSTASY, AND LONG-LIVED ESCARPMENTS - A NUMERICAL MODELING STUDY 1994
• MISSING ROOTS AND MANTLE DRIPS - REGIONAL P(N) AND TELESEISMIC ARRIVAL TIMES IN THE SOUTHERN SIERRA-NEVADA AND VICINITY, CALIFORNIA 1994
• APPLICATION OF THE GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM TO CRUSTAL DEFORMATION MEASUREMENTS .3. RESULT FROM THE SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA BORDERLANDS 1993
• SPACE GEODETIC MEASUREMENT OF CRUSTAL DEFORMATION IN CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA, 1984-1992 1993
• ASEISMIC GROWTH OF DURMID HILL, SOUTHEASTERNMOST SAN-ANDREAS FAULT, CALIFORNIA 1993
• DYNAMIC FEEDBACK BETWEEN A CONTINENT-LIKE RAFT AND THERMAL-CONVECTION 1993
• DIFFERENTIAL SHEAR-WAVE ATTENUATION AND ITS LATERAL VARIATION IN THE NORTH-ATLANTIC REGION 1992
• FORWARD AND INVERSE 3-DIMENSIONAL P-WAVE VELOCITY MODELS OF THE SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA CRUST 1992
• SINGLE-CRYSTAL ELASTIC PROPERTIES OF OMPHACITE-C2/C BY BRILLOUIN SPECTROSCOPY 1992
• GRAVITATIONAL STRESSES IN ANISOTROPIC RIDGES AND VALLEYS WITH SMALL SLOPES 1992
• JOINT INVERSION OF SHEAR-WAVE TRAVEL TIME RESIDUALS AND GEOID AND DEPTH ANOMALIES FOR LONG-WAVELENGTH VARIATIONS IN UPPER MANTLE TEMPERATURE AND COMPOSITION ALONG THE MID-ATLANTIC RIDGE 1991
• APPLICATION OF THE GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM TO CRUSTAL DEFORMATION MEASUREMENT .1. PRECISION AND ACCURACY 1991
• APPLICATION OF THE GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM TO CRUSTAL DEFORMATION MEASUREMENT .2. THE INFLUENCE OF ERRORS IN ORBIT DETERMINATION NETWORKS 1991