research overview
- Dr. Byrnes' research examines the physiological adaptations associated with acute and chronic physical activity with an emphasis on how these adaptations optimize health and athletic performance.
- Contact Info
Byrnes, William Associate Professor
Positions
- Associate Professor, Integrative Physiology
Research Areas
Research
keywords
- exercise induced muscle injury, energetics of physical activity, physiological adaptations to moderate altitude, physiological factors determining optimal performance & health
Publications
selected publications
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chapter
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conference proceeding
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Breathing Valve Resistance Alters Physiological Responses During a Graded Exercise Test.
Medicine and science in sports.
750-750.
2017
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Does Arterial Oxygen Saturation Influence the Relationship Between Hemoglobin Mass and VO2peak at Moderate Altitude?.
Medicine and science in sports.
302-302.
2017
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Does Arterial Oxyhemoglobin Saturation Influence the Hemoglobin Mass-VO2Peak Relationship in Endurance Athletes at Moderate Altitude?.
Medicine and science in sports.
247-247.
2017
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Effect Of Low Dose Cobalt Administration On Erythropoiesis.
Medicine and science in sports.
941-941.
2017
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Hematological Changes in Elite Collegiate Cross Country Runners Residing at Moderate Altitude: A Retrospective Analysis.
Medicine and science in sports.
187-187.
2017
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Prior Supramaximal Cycling Transiently Increases Submaximal Cycling Energetics in Cyclists and Non-cyclists.
Medicine and science in sports.
635-635.
2017
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Commuting with Electric Assist Bicycles as a Means to Improve Cardiometabolic Risk Factors.
Medicine and science in sports.
611-611.
2016
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Four-day Head-down Tilt Bed Rest as a Model for Studying Rapid Alterations in Hemoglobin Mass.
Medicine and science in sports.
577-577.
2016
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Increased Extracellular Matrix Degradation Following Eccentric Versus Concentric Muscle Actions in Humans.
Medicine and science in sports.
899-899.
2016
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The Effects of Cooling during Constant Power Non-steady State Cycling in Endurance Trained Athletes.
Medicine and science in sports.
564-564.
2016
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Acute, Low-dose CO Inhalation does not Alter Energy Expenditure during Submaximal Exercise.
International Journal of Sports Medicine.
19-24.
2016
- Does Arterial Oxyhemoglobin Saturation Influence the Hemoglobin Mass-VO2Peak Relationship in Endurance Athletes at Moderate Altitude?. Medicine and science in sports. 247-247. 2015
- Hematological Changes in Elite Collegiate Cross Country Runners Residing at Moderate Altitude: A Retrospective Analysis. Medicine and science in sports. 187-187. 2015
- Decreased Arterial PO2, not O-2 Content, Increases Blood Flow Through Intrapulmonary Arteriovenous Anastomoses at Rest. Federation proceedings. 2015
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Acute, Low-Dose Carbon Monoxide Inhalation Does Not Alter Energy Expenditure during Graded Submaximal Exercise.
Medicine and science in sports.
570-571.
2014
- AltitudeOmics: hemoglobin mass and blood volume changes during early acclimatization to and de-acclimatization from 5260m. Federation proceedings. 2014
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Passive Cycling as a Physical Inactivity Countermeasure.
Medicine and science in sports.
274-274.
2014
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The Influence of Individual Power-specific Gross Efficiency on Estimating Energy Expenditure from Power.
Medicine and science in sports.
571-571.
2014
- Alterations In The VO2-power Relationship Above The Lactate Threshold During A Graded Bicycling Exercise Protocol. Medicine and science in sports. 131-131. 2013
- How Physiology Students Value and Use Learning Goals. Federation proceedings. 2011
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Breathing Valve Resistance Alters Physiological Responses During a Graded Exercise Test.
Medicine and science in sports.
750-750.
2017
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journal article
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Calculating metabolic energy expenditure across a wide range of exercise intensities: the equation matters.
Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism.
639-642.
2018
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Does Metabolic Rate Increase Linearly with Running Speed in all Distance Runners?.
SMIO / Sports Medicine International Open.
E1-E8.
2018
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Beneficial Effects of Cooling during Constant Power Non-steady State Cycling.
International Journal of Sports Medicine.
141-149.
2017
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Estimating Energy Expenditure using Individualized, Power-Specific Gross Efficiencies.
International Journal of Sports Medicine.
1129-1135.
2016
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Ten Days of Intermittent, Low-dose Carbon Monoxide Inhalation does not Significantly Alter Hemoglobin Mass, Aerobic Performance Predictors, or Peak-power Exercise Tolerance.
International Journal of Sports Medicine.
884-889.
2016
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Decreased arterial P-O2, not O-2 content, increases blood flow through intrapulmonary arteriovenous anastomoses at rest.
Journal of Physiology.
4981-4996.
2016
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Motor-Driven (Passive) Cycling: A Potential Physical Inactivity Countermeasure?.
Medicine and science in sports.
1821-1828.
2016
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Pedelecs as a physically active transportation mode.
European Journal of Applied Physiology.
1565-1573.
2016
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Haemoglobin mass alterations in healthy humans following four-day head-down tilt bed rest.
Experimental Physiology.
628-640.
2016
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Acute, Low-dose CO Inhalation does not Alter Energy Expenditure during Submaximal Exercise.
International Journal of Sports Medicine.
19-24.
2016
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REVISITING THE FORCE-JOINT ANGLE RELATIONSHIP AFTER ECCENTRIC EXERCISE.
Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research.
3284-3291.
2015
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Field-measured drag area is a key correlate of level cycling time trial performance.
PeerJ.
2015
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AltitudeOmics: Rapid Hemoglobin Mass Alterations with Early Acclimatization to and De-Acclimatization from 5260 m in Healthy Humans.
PLoS ONE.
2014
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Plasma Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Response to Downhill Running in Humans.
International Journal of Sports Medicine.
363-370.
2014
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Exercise efficiency of low power output cycling.
Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports.
713-721.
2013
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Factors affecting the increased energy expenditure during passive cycling.
European Journal of Applied Physiology.
3341-3348.
2012
- Energy Expenditure During Passive Cycling: The Effects of Leg Mass, Cadence, and Adaptation. Journal of General Internal Medicine. 602-602. 2012
- Plasma Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 is Unchanged Following Downhill Running in Concentrically-trained Individuals. Journal of General Internal Medicine. 372-372. 2012
- Plasma Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) is Increased Following Downhill Running in Sedentary Individuals. Medicine and science in sports. 695-695. 2012
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Influence of carbon monoxide leaks on the measurement error of total haemoglobin mass.
Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation.
523-528.
2011
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Plasma matrix metalloproteinase-9 response to eccentric exercise of the elbow flexors.
European Journal of Applied Physiology.
1795-1805.
2011
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Comparison of Male and Female Road Cyclists under Identical Stage Race Conditions.
Medicine and science in sports.
846-852.
2011
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Energy Expenditure During Passive Cycling: The Effects of Leg Mass, Cadence, and Adaptation.
Medicine and science in sports.
602-602.
2011
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Measuring Changes in Aerodynamic/Rolling Resistances by Cycle-Mounted Power Meters.
Medicine and science in sports.
853-860.
2011
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Plasma Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 is Unchanged Following Downhill Running in Concentrically-trained Individuals.
Medicine and science in sports.
372-372.
2011
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Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Deficiency Results in Decreased Fiber Cross-Sectional Area and Alters Fiber Type Distribution in Mouse Hindlimb Skeletal Muscle.
Cells Tissues Organs.
510-520.
2011
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Comparison of Male and Female Road Cyclists Under Identical Stage Race Conditions..
Medicine and science in sports.
2010
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Hematological and Physiological Adaptations Following 46 Weeks of Moderate Altitude Residence.
High Altitude Medicine and Biology.
199-208.
2010
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Hematological Acclimatization and De-acclimatization of Former Sea Level Residents Exposed Chronically (46wks) to Moderate Altitude.
Medicine and science in sports.
142-143.
2010
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Stability of Hemoglobin Mass at Moderate Altitude in Acclimatized USAFA Cadets.
Medicine and science in sports.
142-142.
2010
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Accuracy of Optimized Branched Algorithms to Assess Activity-Specific Physical Activity Energy Expenditure.
Medicine and science in sports.
672-682.
2010
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Chronic Hematological and Physiological Adaptations following 48 weeks of Moderate Altitude Residence.
Medicine and science in sports.
S51-S51.
2008
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Plasma volume during weight lifting.
International Journal of Sports Medicine.
89-95.
2008
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GXT responses in altitude-acclimatized cyclists during sea-level simulation.
Medicine and science in sports.
1727-1735.
2007
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Physical fitness and Hematological changes during acclimatization to moderate altitude: A retrospective study.
High Altitude Medicine and Biology.
213-224.
2007
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Aerodynamic characteristics as determinants of the drafting effect in cycling.
Medicine and science in sports.
170-176.
2007
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Drag Area as a Determinant of the Magnitude of the Drafting Effect in Road Cycling.
Medicine and science in sports.
S181-S181.
2006
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Frontal Surface Area Versus Drag Area in Predicting Level Cycling Time Trial Performance.
Medicine and science in sports.
S86-S86.
2005
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Predicting Time Trial Performance Using Field Measures Of The Bicycle-rider Aerodynamic Drag.
Medicine and science in sports.
S408-S408.
2005
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Strength training reduces force fluctuations during anisometric contractions of the quadriceps femoris muscles in old adults.
Journal of applied physiology: respiratory, environmental and exercise physiology.
1530-1540.
2004
- Prediction of indoor climbing performance in women rock climbers. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 77-83. 2004
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Skeletal muscle adaptations in response to voluntary wheel running in myosin heavy chain null mice.
Journal of applied physiology: respiratory, environmental and exercise physiology.
313-322.
2002
- Cardiac and skeletal muscle adaptations to voluntary wheel running in the mouse. Journal of applied physiology: respiratory, environmental and exercise physiology. 1900-1908. 2001
- Mutation of the IIB myosin heavy chain gene results in muscle fiber loss and compensatory hypertrophy. American Journal of Physiology - Cell Physiology. C637-C645. 2001
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Commercial porters of eastern Nepal: Health status, physical work capacity, and energy expenditure.
American Journal of Human Biology.
44-56.
2001
- Treatment of exercise-induced muscle injury via hyperbaric oxygen therapy. Medicine and science in sports. 36-42. 2001
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Acute and chronic hormonal responses to resistance training designed to promote muscle hypertrophy.
Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism.
96-107.
1999
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Bone mineral density and body composition of the United States Olympic women's field hockey team.
British Journal of Sports Medicine.
315-318.
1998
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Sample size required for the accurate determination of fiber area and capillarity of human skeletal muscle.
Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism.
594-599.
1998
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Myosin heavy chains IIa and IId are functionally distinct in the mouse.
Journal of Cell Biology.
943-953.
1998
- Work capacity, health, and nutritional status of Nepali porters.. American Journal of Human Biology. 130-130. 1998
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Energy expenditure estimates of the Caltrac accelerometer for running, race walking, and stepping.
British Journal of Sports Medicine.
235-239.
1997
- Muscle fiber hypertrophy: Hyperplasia, and capillary density in college men after resistance training. Journal of applied physiology: respiratory, environmental and exercise physiology. 2004-2012. 1996
- ALTERATIONS IN OXYGEN-CONSUMPTION DURING AND BETWEEN BOUTS OF LEVEL AND DOWNHILL RUNNING. Medicine and science in sports. 1144-1152. 1994
- WALKING AND RUNNING ENERGY-EXPENDITURE ESTIMATED BY CALTRAC AND INDIRECT CALORIMETRY. Medicine and science in sports. 1365-1369. 1993
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FACTORS INFLUENCING EXCESS POSTEXERCISE OXYGEN-CONSUMPTION IN TRAINED AND UNTRAINED WOMEN.
Metabolism.
822-828.
1993
- A COMPARISON OF THE OXYGEN DRIFT IN DOWNHILL VS LEVEL RUNNING. Journal of applied physiology: respiratory, environmental and exercise physiology. 796-800. 1992
- Atypical, nonfatal, transfusion-associated, acute graft-versus-host disease in a patient with Hodgkin's disease.. Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology. 261-262. 1992
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A COMPARISON OF SKELETAL-MUSCLE MORPHOLOGY WITH TRAINING BETWEEN YOUNG AND OLD FISCHER-344 RATS.
Mechanisms of Ageing and Development.
21-35.
1991
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CROSS-SECTIONAL PHYSIOLOGICAL PROFILING OF MODERN DANCERS.
Dance Research Journal.
13-20.
1990
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ENDURANCE TRAINING FOR ELDERLY WOMEN - MODERATE VS LOW INTENSITY.
Journal of Gerontology.
M184-M188.
1989
- Inhibition of adsorptive endocytosis and transcytosis in pulmonary microvessels.. Laboratory Investigation. 683-691. 1988
- Creatine kinase and muscle soreness after repeated isometric exercise.. Medicine and science in sports. 242-248. 1988
- Adaptation to exercise-induced muscle damage.. Clinical Science. 383-386. 1987
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EXERCISE AND SERUM ANDROGENS IN WOMEN.
Physician and Sportsmedicine.
87-&.
1987
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Creatine kinase isoforms following isometric exercise..
Muscle and Nerve.
41-44.
1987
- THE REPRODUCIBILITY OF VO2MAX, VENTILATORY, AND LACTATE THRESHOLDS IN ELDERLY WOMEN. Medicine and science in sports. 425-430. 1986
- DELAYED ONSET MUSCLE SORENESS AND TRAINING. Clinics in Sports Medicine. 605-614. 1986
- Muscle soreness and serum creatine kinase activity following isometric, eccentric, and concentric exercise.. International Journal of Sports Medicine. 152-155. 1986
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Levels of serum creatine kinase and myoglobin in women after two isometric exercise conditions..
European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology.
330-333.
1986
- Delayed onset muscle soreness following repeated bouts of downhill running.. Journal of applied physiology: respiratory, environmental and exercise physiology. 710-715. 1985
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Muscle Soreness Following Resistance Exercise With and Without Eccentric Contractions.
Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport.
283-285.
1985
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Serum creatine kinase activity following forearm flexion isometric exercise..
European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology.
368-371.
1985
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THE APPLICABILITY OF AN ENERGY-EXPENDITURE PREDICTION FORMULA ABOVE AND BELOW THE ANAEROBIC THRESHOLD IN MALES AND FEMALES.
Medicine and science in sports.
237-237.
1985
- Submaximal exercise quantified as percent of normoxic and hyperoxic maximum oxygen uptakes.. Medicine and science in sports. 572-577. 1984
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MODIFICATION OF TYPE-II FIBER ATROPHY AND LDH ISOZYMES CONSEQUENT OF AN 8 WEEK ENDURANCE TRAINING-PROGRAM IN ELDERLY WOMEN.
Medicine and science in sports.
105-105.
1984
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THE EFFECT OF 2 TRAINING INTENSITIES ON THE AEROBIC AND ANAEROBIC RESPONSES OF ELDERLY WOMEN TO MAXIMAL EFFORT TESTS.
Medicine and science in sports.
104-104.
1984
- THE REPRODUCIBILITY OF VO2MAX AND ANAEROBIC THRESHOLD DETERMINATIONS IN ELDERLY WOMEN. Gerontologist. 91-92. 1983
- Effect of hyperoxia on oxygen consumption in exercising ponies.. Journal of applied physiology: respiratory, environmental and exercise physiology. 1115-1118. 1979
- Relationship between running performance and predicted maximun oxygen uptake among divergent ability groups.. Research quarterly. 9-15. 1974
- Measures of max VO2 and their relationship to running performance among three subject groups.. American corrective therapy journal. 145-150. 1974
- Tendon repairs with nylon and a modified pullout technique.. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 32-35. 1971
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Calculating metabolic energy expenditure across a wide range of exercise intensities: the equation matters.
Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism.
639-642.
2018
Background
education and training
- Ph.D., University of Wisconsin-Madison 1978
- M.A., Appalachian State University 1973
- B.A., Manhattan College 1972
International Activities
global connections related to teaching and scholarly work (in recent years)
- Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Country
- Europe Continent
- Germany Country
- western Europe Transnational Region